What Causes Drooling in Dogs? Symptoms, Dangerous Situations, and Home First Response Guide

What is Drooling in Dogs?

Drooling in dogs , medically known as "ptyalism" or "hypersalivation," is a condition in which the salivary glands in the mouth produce more saliva than normal, or when the saliva produced cannot be retained in the mouth and flows outward. Saliva is a natural part of the canine digestive process; it serves to lubricate food, facilitate swallowing, protect teeth, and maintain oral pH balance. However, this physiological process can become overactive in certain situations, manifesting as noticeable discharge, wetness around the mouth, damp fur under the chin, and even, occasionally, a foul-smelling discharge.

Drooling can be more common in some breeds due to structural reasons. This discharge can be particularly noticeable in breeds like Mastiffs, Saint Bernards, Bloodhounds, Boxers , and Bulldogs, which have wide jaws, drooping lips, and anatomical features that make it difficult to retain saliva at the corners of the mouth. While this discharge is considered physiological and can be uncomfortable for pet owners, it does not pose a medical problem.

However, not every drooling is innocent. Hypersalivation can also occur in serious conditions such as oral ulcers, gum disease, foreign object insertion, stomach upset, poisoning, high fever, nervous system disorders, liver failure, or drug reactions. Therefore, understanding the "why" of increased salivation is essential, along with the dog's general behavior and accompanying symptoms.

The most important thing to consider when drooling occurs is additional symptoms such as sudden onset, foul odor, oral discoloration, lethargy, or loss of appetite . In the presence of these, the condition can progress from a simple physiological increase in salivation to a medical emergency. Therefore, the owner's ability to observe and time the symptoms are critical.

When Is Drooling Normal in Dogs, and When Is It Dangerous?

Correctly distinguishing between normal drooling in dogs and dangerous situations requiring immediate intervention is essential to determining the right approach without delay. While excessive drooling is a completely natural physiological response in some cases, it can be the first and earliest sign of a life-threatening problem.

Drooling, which is considered normal , often occurs due to excitement, stress, fear, car rides, anticipation of food, attempts to regulate body temperature in the heat, or anatomical structures specific to certain breeds. For example, seeing the food bowl being prepared triggers the dog's appetite center, rapidly activating the salivary glands. This type of drooling is usually short-lived and disappears completely when the dog calms down or the stimulus is removed.

In contrast, dangerous drooling usually occurs alongside other symptoms and doesn't subside quickly. If drooling is accompanied by bad breath, discoloration around the mouth, sores, bleeding, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, neurological disorders, loss of balance, behavioral changes, or constant crying, the condition is serious. In cases of poisoning, increased salivation is often sudden and intense. Drooling can occur even in the first minutes of exposure to rat poison, pesticides, cleaning chemicals, certain plants, or toxic substances found in the home.

In cases of dental and oral problems, particularly broken teeth, abscesses, periodontal disease, or foreign objects lodged in the mouth, the dog may experience too much pain to swallow saliva, leading to salivation. In such cases, the saliva can often be foul-smelling, sticky, or even bloody.

Emergency symptoms can be summarized as follows:

• Sudden and intense salivation

• Vomiting with drooling or seizure-like movements

• Appearance of ulcers, sores or swelling in the mouth

• Difficulty breathing, wheezing, difficulty breathing

• Weakness, desire to lie down, collapse

• Extreme restlessness or abnormal behavior

• Suspected heat stroke

Even the observation of one of these symptoms requires prompt clinical evaluation. Drooling can sometimes be the subtle onset of life-threatening conditions such as gastric torsion, acute renal failure, liver failure, or anaphylaxis. Therefore, timing, severity, accompanying symptoms, and the dog's general condition are the key criteria for determining which category drooling falls into.

Common Causes of Drooling in Dogs

(The table below includes: Reason | Explanation | Urgency)

Drooling in dogs can stem not from a single cause, but from a wide spectrum of factors, including the interaction of oral structures, the digestive system, metabolic processes, neurological functions, stress mechanisms, and environmental factors. Therefore, without a comprehensive assessment, it's possible to overlook the underlying cause, especially in cases of chronic or sudden-onset hypersalivation. The table below summarizes the most common causes encountered in clinical practice.

Table: Main Causes of Drooling in Dogs

From where	Explanation	Urgency
Oral and dental diseases	Tooth fractures, abscesses, periodontal diseases, and oral wounds increase saliva production.	Medium-High
Foreign body	Objects such as bones, sticks, or thorns stuck in the mouth trigger the flow of saliva.	High
Poisoning	Chemicals, pesticides, toxic plants or medications cause acute drooling.	Very High
Digestive system problems	Gastritis, increased stomach acid, reflux or gastric torsion can cause increased salivation.	Medium-High
Bad breath and infections	Gingivitis, stomatitis or oral infections make saliva sticky and smelly.	Middle
Heat stress / heat stroke	High temperatures and increased body temperature overactivate the salivary glands.	High
Nausea	Motion sickness, stomach upset, or ingestion of toxic substances increase salivation through nausea.	Medium-High
Neurological diseases	Mouth control is weakened in epilepsy, cerebral lesions or nervous system disorders.	High
Allergic reaction	Insect bites or food allergies can cause swelling and drooling around the mouth.	Middle
Structural racial characteristics	In breeds such as Bulldog, Mastiff and Saint Bernard, there is a physiological increase in salivation due to their lip anatomy.	Low
Medication side effects	Some medications stimulate the salivary glands, causing a temporary increase in salivation.	Middle
Pain	Pain, especially in the mouth area, suppresses the saliva swallowing reflex.	Medium-High

The high-urgency categories in the table indicate conditions requiring rapid clinical intervention. Drooling that is sudden in onset, foul-smelling, thick in consistency, or accompanied by changes in behavior should be evaluated immediately.

Symptoms and Clinical Findings Accompanying Drooling in Dogs

Drooling alone is insufficient for diagnosis. The key is to accurately interpret the other accompanying symptoms. These accompanying symptoms often provide the most important clues to determining the type, severity, and urgency of the underlying disease.

The following symptoms are the most common accompanying findings in the clinic, and each may indicate a different group of diseases:

Bad breath (halitosis): It's often associated with systemic problems such as periodontal disease, oral infections, abscesses, or uremic bad breath. The sudden onset of bad breath accompanied by saliva also raises the possibility of a foreign body in the mouth.

Mouth sores or ulcers: These can occur from conditions such as stomatitis, chemical irritation, or chewing on electrical cords. The presence of ulcers can cause saliva to appear pink or bloody.

Difficulty swallowing: Symptoms such as dropping food from the mouth while eating, tilting the head to the side, and restlessness while chewing may suggest causes such as oral pain, broken tooth, foreign body, or tumor.

Nausea and vomiting: Drooling may be a symptom of nausea in acute gastritis, pancreatitis, gastric torsion, or toxic substance ingestion. Hypersalivation accompanied by vomiting is particularly urgent.

Weakness and loss of appetite: Systemic infections, metabolic diseases such as kidney or liver problems worsen the general condition with increased salivation.

Nervous system symptoms: Seizures, tremors, loss of balance, difficulty concentrating, or sudden changes in behavior are associated with poisoning or neurological trauma.

Swelling around the mouth: In cases of allergic reactions, insect bites or anaphylaxis, drooling is accompanied by lip and facial edema.

Signs of heat stress: Excessive panting, extended tongue, reddened gums, uncontrolled drooling and weakness are typical signs of heat stroke.

The type, duration, and severity of these symptoms are considered the most critical factors in determining the cause of drooling. Multiple symptom combinations (e.g., drooling, weakness, and vomiting) are particularly suggestive of emergencies such as poisoning or acute abdominal pain.

Drooling in Dogs Due to Oral and Dental Problems

Oral and dental diseases are one of the most common causes of drooling in dogs. Pain, inflammation, infection, or the presence of a foreign object in this area directly affects the normal flow of saliva and the swallowing reflex. Because the oral tissues are sensitive, even the slightest irritation can overstimulate the salivary glands.

1. Periodontal Diseases (Gum Diseases)

Periodontal disease is the most common dental problem in dogs. The process begins with the accumulation of tartar and can progress to gum recession, abscess formation, and tooth loss. This causes a foul odor and increased salivation. Due to the pain in the mouth, dogs may have difficulty swallowing saliva, leading to drooling.

2. Abscess and Inflamed Foci

Tooth root abscesses are one of the most painful dental problems preceding tooth loss. The pressure in the abscess area stimulates the salivary glands. The saliva often has a foul odor and can sometimes appear slightly bloody. Facial swelling is common in the presence of an abscess.

3. Broken Teeth

Trauma from biting, hard objects, or materials like stones or bones can cause tooth fractures. Tooth fractures are often intensely painful due to the exposure of the pulp tissue. This pain causes the dog to constantly salivate.

4. Oral Sores, Ulcers and Stomatitis

Ulcers can form in the oral tissues due to chemical irritants, chewing on electrical cords, allergies, immunological diseases, or viral infections. These ulcers make it difficult to swallow saliva, resulting in hypersalivation.

5. Foreign Bodies

Pieces of sticks, broken bones, thorns, rope, plastic, or toys can become lodged in a dog's palate, tongue, or gums. In this case, drooling is very sudden and profuse. The dog may show signs such as scratching its mouth with its paw, licking constantly, gagging, or tilting its head to the side.

6. Oral Tumors

Benign or malignant tumors in the mouth can mechanically affect salivary flow. Bleeding, swelling, foul-smelling saliva, loss of appetite, and weight loss raise suspicion of a tumor.

7. Post-Tooth Extraction Process

After tooth extraction, local pain and temporary drooling may occur in the stitched areas. This is usually normal, but if it persists for a few days and worsens, infection is suspected.

Among these conditions, conditions such as foreign bodies , abscesses , and broken teeth require rapid clinical intervention, while chronic periodontal disease is a factor that reduces a dog's quality of life in the long term. Early diagnosis and regular oral care for oral and dental problems can largely prevent drooling.

Drooling in Dogs Due to Digestive System Problems

Digestive diseases are one of the most common sources of drooling in dogs, and stomach-related disorders, in particular, directly increase salivation. Because of the reflex connections between the digestive system and the mouth, even the slightest problem affecting the stomach or intestines can cause increased salivation. Therefore, drooling is an early and critical warning sign of many gastrointestinal illnesses.

1. Gastritis (Stomach Inflammation)

Gastritis can be acute or chronic. In acute gastritis, dogs experience sudden onset of nausea, heartburn, and vomiting, leading to marked salivation. In chronic gastritis, drooling may recur intermittently, particularly in the morning. Causes of gastritis include poor diet, fatty foods, toxic substances, increased stomach acid due to stress, or long-term medication use.

2. Reflux and Acid Reflux

The reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus causes both pain and irritation. This irritation overactive salivary glands, triggering drooling. Common symptoms in dogs with reflux include licking the mouth, difficulty swallowing, moaning in discomfort, and movements that appear as if bitter liquid is coming up.

3. Gastric Dilatation and Torsion (GDV)

It's one of the most dangerous emergencies in dogs. The stomach expands and rotates. Typical early signs include sudden and profuse drooling, an expression of discomfort, abdominal distension, restlessness, and unsuccessful attempts to vomit. Because this condition is life-threatening, even seconds are crucial. Any delay can have fatal consequences.

4. Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and profuse drooling. Pancreatitis is often associated with the consumption of fatty foods, overeating, obesity, or metabolic problems. Dogs with pancreatitis may exhibit a reluctance to eat, moaning when the abdomen is touched, vomiting, and weakness.

5. Intestinal Obstruction

Toys, pieces of bone, fabric, string, or foreign objects can cause an intestinal blockage. In this case, the dog may begin to salivate excessively due to nausea, which worsens as the blockage progresses. Symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty passing gas, and stalled defecation.

6. Liver Diseases

When the liver fails to detoxify, toxic substances build up in the body. This can manifest as nausea and, indirectly, drooling. It's often accompanied by jaundice, weight loss, behavioral changes, and loss of appetite.

7. Parasitic Infections

An intestinal parasite overload can cause abdominal pain and nausea, triggering drooling. These symptoms are particularly noticeable in puppies.

The primary symptoms of gastrointestinal drooling are often accompanied by nausea , abdominal pain , vomiting , loss of appetite , and behavioral changes . These conditions can worsen rapidly if not properly diagnosed.

Drooling in Dogs Due to Poisoning, Drug and Chemical Exposure

One of the most dangerous causes of sudden and severe drooling in dogs is poisoning and exposure to toxic substances. Poisoning can cause excessive stimulation of the salivary glands, leading to profuse and incessant salivation. Therefore, sudden onset of drooling should always be taken seriously.

1. Insecticides and Pesticides

Pesticides containing organophosphates or carbamates can suppress the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in nerve cells, causing excessive salivation, muscle tremors, constricted pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Such poisonings require immediate clinical treatment.

2. Rat Poisons

Anticoagulant rat poisons often cause internal bleeding. Nausea and excessive salivation are early symptoms. However, other types of rat poison can cause more dramatic neurological effects.

3. Cleaning Products

Bleach, drain cleaners, detergents, degreasers, and scented air fresheners can cause chemical burns to dogs' oral tissues, manifesting as excessive salivation, bad breath, sensitivity to touch, and licking.

4. Poisonous Plants

Many plants, such as lilies, dieffenbachia, aloe vera, and geranium, irritate the oral cavity. When a dog chews these plants, drooling immediately begins. Some plants can cause liver toxicity, which can be more severe.

5. Human Medicines

Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, antidepressants, ADHD medications or muscle relaxants can be toxic in dogs, causing increased salivation, tremors, vomiting, lethargy and neurological crises.

6. Food Poisoning

Toxic foods such as chocolate, xylitol, onions, garlic, and grapes cause oral irritation and nausea. Drooling is often among the first symptoms. It's important to remember that hypoglycemia develops very quickly in xylitol poisoning, so minutes are critical.

7. Chemical Vapors

Inhaling the odors of paint, thinner, gasoline, glue, and solvents can also affect the mouth tissues in a similar way to poisoning, increasing saliva production.

In cases of such poisoning, salivation is often profuse , sudden , uncontrollable , foamy , foul-smelling , and accompanied by behavioral changes . In dogs suspected of poisoning, direct clinical intervention is recommended rather than delaying treatment at home.

Drooling in Dogs Caused by Nervous System Diseases and Stress

It's known that drooling in dogs isn't just related to the mouth or digestive system; it's also a significant symptom of disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. When the parts of the nervous system that control the mouth, swallowing reflexes, and salivary gland activity are affected, imbalances in saliva production occur. This manifests as either excessive salivation or the leakage of normal saliva, preventing it from being swallowed.

1. Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders

During epileptic seizures in dogs, salivary gland control is reduced. Before the seizure (aura), restlessness, fixation, tremors, and intense licking, along with a characteristic drooling, may be observed. During the seizure, increased salivation occurs due to jaw muscle contraction, loss of consciousness, and a suspension of the swallowing reflex.

2. Brain and Nervous System Traumas

Autonomic control of the central nervous system is impaired in situations such as head trauma, vehicle accidents, falls from height, or increased intracerebral pressure. This disruption can increase salivation, and the dog may become so confused that they are unable to swallow their saliva. If accompanied by a head tilt, abnormal gait, eye twitching, or vomiting, urgent clinical intervention is necessary.

3. Infectious Neurological Diseases

Distemper, rabies, toxoplasmosis, or certain viral and bacterial infections can affect the nervous system and trigger drooling. Rabies, in particular, often presents with excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing, and behavioral changes. These diseases are also of critical public health importance.

4. Peripheral Nerve Damage (Facial Nerve Paralysis)

Dogs experiencing facial nerve paralysis are unable to adequately control the corners of their lips and mouth muscles. In this case, salivation is normal, but the dog's inability to swallow and retain saliva results in salivation. Facial asymmetry, decreased blink reflexes, and drooping lips are characteristic.

5. Stress, Anxiety and Behavioral Factors

In dogs, stress triggers sympathetic nervous system responses that activate the salivary glands. Drooling is common in the following situations:

• Waiting at the veterinary clinic

• Noise, fireworks, construction noise

• Change of home, new family members

• car ride

• Owner separation anxiety

This stress-induced drooling usually begins suddenly, subsides quickly once the stressor is gone, and is usually not accompanied by other serious symptoms. However, in chronic stress, additional symptoms such as loss of appetite, tremors, restlessness, avoidance behavior, and excessive licking are observed.

6. Toxic Nervous System Effects

Some toxic substances (insecticides, certain plants, heavy metals) can produce neurological effects, dramatically increasing salivation. In these cases, the saliva is often frothy and is quickly accompanied by symptoms such as seizures, tremors, and loss of balance.

A common characteristic of nervous system-related drooling is that it is accompanied by behavioral changes , motor impairments , and fluctuations in consciousness . Early diagnosis is crucial in such cases.

Emergency Symptoms for Drooling in Dogs and When to See a Clinic?

While drooling is harmless in many cases, it can be the first and earliest warning sign of serious illness in some cases. Therefore, it is critical for owners to understand which symptoms require immediate intervention. Sudden, profuse, or unusual drooling, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, requires prompt clinical evaluation.

Emergency Symptoms

Drooling is considered an “urgent” situation in the following situations:

1. Sudden and very intense salivation. Saliva that is different from normal, flowing continuously, foamy or viscous indicates causes such as poisoning, gastric torsion or a foreign body in the mouth.

2. Vomiting or unsuccessful attempts to vomit This is one of the earliest indicators of gastric torsion (GDV) and requires immediate intervention.

3. Difficulty breathing, wheezing or rapid breathing is a serious sign of an allergic reaction, anaphylaxis or heat stroke.

4. Neurological symptoms Symptoms such as tremors, seizures, unsteadiness, confusion, inability to walk indicate that the brain or nervous system is affected.

5. Bleeding in the mouth, bad smell or ulcers. There is a high probability of a chemical burn, tumor or serious infection in the mouth.

6. Significant swelling and discomfort in the abdomen. In this situation where gastric torsion is suspected, even seconds matter.

7. Swelling around the mouth or rapid enlargement of the tongue Anaphylaxis and insect bites can cause swelling in the lips, tongue and inside the mouth, leading to airway obstruction.

8. Suspicion of a foreign body: If the dog is scratching its mouth with its paw, gagging, or licking constantly, there may be an object stuck in its mouth.

When Should You Go to the Clinic?

Clinical evaluation is required without delay in the following cases:

• If drooling lasts longer than 1–2 hours

• If the saliva is foul-smelling or bloody

• If the dog appears restless, lethargic or depressed

• If vomiting occurs more than three times

• If poisoning is suspected

• If swallowing difficulty becomes evident

• If you notice any wounds, swelling or discoloration in your mouth

Situations When It Is Not Appropriate to Wait at Home

• Suspicion of swallowing rat poison, insecticide, or cleaning agent

• Signs of heat stroke

• Seizures or seizure-like movements

• Signs of liver failure (yellowing, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling)

• Severe abdominal pain

In such cases, it's best to go directly to the clinic rather than attempting any treatment at home. For many emergency conditions, the first hours are critical to successful treatment. Early intervention significantly increases the dog's chances of survival and response to treatment.

Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Approach to Drooling in Dogs

Correctly diagnosing drooling in dogs isn't limited to just an oral examination; it requires a comprehensive evaluation. Hypersalivation can be caused by dysfunction in many different systems. Therefore, veterinarians generally follow a multifaceted diagnostic protocol. The goal of the diagnostic approach is to identify the underlying disease without delay, quickly rule out emergencies, and develop the appropriate treatment plan.

1. Clinical History (Anamnesis)

The first step is always to take a detailed medical history. Important questions include:

• When did the drooling start?

• Did it start suddenly or did it gradually increase?

• Has there been contact with chemicals, foreign objects, plants or toxic substances at home?

• What has the dog eaten lately?

• Are there additional symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or weakness?

• Is there a history of previous dental problems, trauma, or chronic conditions?

This information forms the basis of diagnosis.

2. Physical Examination

The inside of the mouth, the area around the mouth, the tongue, the palate, the teeth, the gums and the jaw area are examined in detail. The findings sought are as follows:

• Wound, ulcer, cut, bleeding

• Tooth fractures, caries, tartar

• Bad breath

• Foreign body in the mouth

• Swelling under the chin or in the facial area

During the physical examination, the abdominal area, lymph nodes, general hydration status, and neurological reflexes are also checked.

3. Blood Tests

Blood tests are especially critical in evaluating systemic diseases:

• Complete blood count (CBC): Reveals signs of infection, inflammation, or anemia.

• Biochemistry panel: Provides evaluation of liver, kidney and pancreas functions.

• Electrolyte panel: Determines balances in cases of poisoning, dehydration or vomiting.

4. Oral and Jaw Radiographs

X-ray is an important diagnostic method for detecting tooth root abscesses, fractures, tumors or foreign bodies. If necessary, it is taken under sedation.

5. Ultrasonography

Abdominal ultrasound is used to evaluate causes such as gastric torsion, gastritis, pancreatitis, or intestinal obstruction.

6. Endoscopy

Endoscopy can be used for diagnosis and treatment, especially in cases of foreign bodies in the esophagus and stomach, ulcers and reflux.

7. Toxicology Tests

Blood and urine toxicology tests may be performed on dogs with suspected chemical, plant, drug, or food poisoning.

8. Neurological Examination

Drooling of neurological origin is analyzed by evaluating coordination, reflexes, level of consciousness, eye movements and muscle tone.

Basic Principles of Clinical Approach

• Emergency situations are eliminated first (poisoning, GDV, neurological crisis).

• Then, an intraoral evaluation is performed.

• Systemic diseases are screened with blood tests.

• Definitive diagnosis is confirmed by imaging methods.

• The treatment plan is determined by the underlying cause.

This multifaceted approach allows for accurate classification of drooling and rapid intervention.

Treatment Options and Expected Course of Drooling in Dogs

While treatment for drooling in dogs varies depending on the underlying cause, early intervention often yields highly successful results. Treatment plans are typically multi-stage and include steps to address both the symptoms and the underlying cause.

1. Treatment of Oral and Dental Problems

• Dental tartar cleaning (scaling)

• Drainage of the abscess and antibiotic treatment

• Extraction of broken teeth

• Periodontal surgical procedures: These treatments usually reduce drooling in a short time.

2. Treatment of Gastritis and Digestive System Problems

• Stomach-protective drugs

• Antacids

• Anti-nausea medications

• Dietary adjustments

• Fluid therapy if necessary: In cases of gastric origin, drooling may decrease rapidly within a few hours of treatment.

3. Treatment of Poisoning

In case of suspected poisoning, treatment is initiated quickly:

• Control of vomiting

• Gastric emptying (if appropriate)

• Activated charcoal application

• Fluid therapy

• Specific antidote (if available)The course of poisoning depends on the type of toxin, the dose, and the rapidity of response.

4. Pancreatitis Treatment

• Pain control

• Fluid support

• Anti-nausea medications

• Fat-free diet: Pancreatitis recovery can be long; drooling may continue for several days.

5. Treatment of Neurological Diseases

• Antiepileptic drugs

• Supportive treatments for cerebral edema

• Stabilization in trauma situations: Drooling due to neurological causes usually decreases when seizure activity is brought under control.

6. Management of Allergic Reactions

• Antihistamines

• Corticosteroids

• Adrenaline (if anaphylaxis is present) As the swelling around the mouth decreases, drooling also disappears.

7. Removal of Foreign Bodies

Removing the object from the mouth, larynx, or esophagus often provides immediate relief and the drooling quickly stops.

8. Heat Stroke Treatment

• Rapid cooling

• Fluid therapy

• Monitoring electrolyte balancesDiblation decreases as body temperature returns to normal.

Expected Course (Prognosis)

The recovery process after treatment depends entirely on the cause:

• Simple oral irritation → resolves within hours

• Gastritis or reflux → 1–3 days

• Dental abscesses → 3–7 days

• Foreign body → immediately after removal

• Poisoning → 24–72 hours, depending on the toxin

• Gastric torsion → critical follow-up after surgery is required

• Seizure disorders → stable course possible when controlled with medication

With the right treatment, complete recovery is possible in most cases of drooling.

Home Care Recommendations for Drooling in Dogs and Monitoring the Healing Process

Proper home care practices are crucial when treating drooling in dogs and monitoring their recovery. Home observations are among the most valuable data determining the course of the disease. Especially in cases of sudden onset, proper home monitoring of recovery after clinical intervention allows for early detection of complications.

1. Cleaning the Mouth and Jaw Area

During the treatment process, the saliva that accumulates around the dog's mouth can cause skin irritation, redness and fungal infections. Therefore:

• The area around the mouth should be wiped with a clean, warm, slightly damp cloth several times a day.

• Abrasive cleaners and perfumed wet wipes should not be used.

• It should not be left damp, the area should be dried lightly.

2. Tracking Water Consumption

Excessive salivation increases fluid loss, especially in hot weather. Water drinking behavior should be observed at home:

• Clean and fresh water must be constantly available.

• If you drink less water than normal, this may be an indication of nausea or pain.

• If you drink more water than normal, a hormonal or metabolic disease should be considered.

3. Diet

To reduce salivation in digestive system disorders, a diet that does not strain the stomach should be followed:

• Fat-free, easy-to-digest foods are preferred.

• Do not give extremely hot or extremely cold food.

• Meals should be divided into small portions and spread throughout the day.

• Human food, bones, or chewable toys should not be given.

4. Observation of the Mouth

Performing an oral check at home allows you to detect some problems early:

• Swelling, redness, bleeding in the gums

• Sores on the tongue

• Foreign body impression

• If these findings persist, the clinic should be re-evaluated.

5. Behavior Tracking

Drooling should be evaluated along with behavior. The following symptoms should be monitored at home:

• Weakness or constant lying down

• Excessive lying

• Gagging or vomiting

• Mouth-pawing behavior

• Loss of appetite or refusal of food

If any of these behaviors worsen, the treatment plan should be reviewed.

6. Regular Use of Medications

Using the correct dosage and duration of medications recommended by your veterinarian is critical to recovery. Skipping, irregular use, or prematurely discontinuing home medications reduces treatment success.

7. Daily Monitoring of Recovery

It is recommended to take notes daily at home:

• Amount of saliva

• Smell, color, consistency of saliva

• Dog's appetite

• Water consumption

• Defecation frequency

• Energy level

This follow-up provides the physician with valuable information, especially in chronic or recurring cases.

8. Removing Triggering Factors

In cases of poisoning or environmental irritation, risks in the environment must be eliminated:

• Poisonous plants

• Cleaning chemicals

• Mouse medicine

• Dangerous toys

• Sharp objects

These measures accelerate the healing process and prevent a new problem from occurring.

Tips for Improving Quality of Life in Dogs with Chronic Drooling

In some dogs, drooling can become a chronic condition. This is often related to lip structure, dental problems that worsen with age, chronic gastritis, stress mechanisms, or neurological causes. In chronic cases, the goal is to improve quality of life, manage symptoms, and make daily life comfortable for the dog, rather than to provide a complete cure.

1. Regular Dental Care

Oral and dental health is the most important factor in dogs experiencing chronic drooling:

• A tooth brushing routine should be established.

• Dental sticks should be chosen from controlled and safe brands.

• It is beneficial to have a professional dental cleaning once a year.

Early control of gum disease can cause a significant reduction in drooling.

2. Reducing Stress Sources

Chronic stress or anxiety can cause the salivary glands to overwork. Stress-reducing strategies include:

• Having regular routines

• Keeping away from noisy environments

• Not leaving alone for long periods of time

• Behavior therapy applications

• Additional sedative support if necessary (with physician recommendation)

3. Dietary Adjustment

Special foods can be used for dogs with digestive system sensitivities:

• Low-fat foods

• Hydrolyzed protein foods

• Sensitive stomach formulas

• Grain-free diets

• Probiotic supplements

Dietary changes are especially effective for salivation caused by nausea.

4. Care for Chin and Lip Anatomy

Due to the structure of the lips, drooping mouth corners are prone to drooling. In these dogs:

• The hair under the chin should be trimmed regularly.

• The corner of the mouth should be cleaned several times a day.

• The area should be dried frequently to avoid skin irritation.

5. Environmental Enrichment

Mental stimulation is very important in chronic drooling:

• Smell games

• Intelligence toys

• Light-paced walks

• Award-winning search and navigation games

These activities lower stress levels and reduce behavioral hypersalivation.

6. Regular Clinical Checkups

In chronic cases, routine check-ups are recommended at least twice a year. During these check-ups:

• Intraoral examination

• Blood tests

• Liver and kidney function tests

• Imaging methods if necessary

It helps to control the problem in the long run.

7. Organizing the Living Space at Home

A comfort zone should be created at home for dogs living with chronic drooling:

• Washable bedding

• Waterproof blankets

• Clean and non-slip floor areas

• Frequent cleaning schedule

These arrangements make life easier for both the dog and its owner.

8. Removing Trigger Foods and Objects

Toys, bones, or foods containing irritants that produce excessive salivation during chewing should be reduced. Certain types of food can increase salivation in some dogs, so finding the most suitable diet can be a trial-and-error method.

Nutritional and Environmental Adjustments to Reduce Drooling in Dogs

Managing diet and environmental factors is highly effective in controlling drooling in dogs. Triggers that directly or indirectly influence drooling are often found in the home environment. Therefore, proper accommodations and the implementation of specialized feeding programs can have a powerful therapeutic effect in both acute and chronic cases of drooling.

1. Sensitive Stomach-Friendly Nutrition Program

One of the most effective methods of controlling digestive system-related drooling is dietary modification. Recommended nutritional approaches:

• Low-fat foods

• Formulas with high digestibility

• Hydrolyzed protein formulas (if allergy is suspected)

• Grain-free or low-grain options (depending on sensitivity)

• Divide the food into small portions throughout the day.

Highly fatty, spicy, fried, or processed foods stimulate the salivary glands and increase salivation. These foods should be avoided completely.

2. Nutritional Routines That Reduce Nausea

Nausea is one of the most important triggers of drooling. To control nausea:

• Long periods of fasting should be avoided

• A small snack should be given in the morning.

• The water container should always be full, but sudden excessive drinking should be prevented.

• High-effort games should be avoided after meals.

These regulations protect the stomach and reduce nausea-induced salivation.

3. Allergen-Free Diet

In some dogs, food intolerances or allergies can cause oral irritation. To reduce allergy-related drooling:

• Single protein source foods

• Hydrolyzed diets

• Avoiding known triggers such as chicken, beef, or dairy products

• Implementing an 8-week elimination diet by trial and error

When allergic reactions are brought under control, there is a significant decrease in salivation.

4. Optimization of Water Consumption

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances affect saliva production. Suggestions:

• The water bowl should always be kept clean.

• If possible, fountain type waterers that provide running water can be used.

• For dogs that are reluctant to drink, a small amount of unsalted bone broth can be added to the water.

These regulations reduce oral dryness and support balanced saliva production.

5. Removal of Environmental Irritants

Indoor air quality can directly affect saliva production. Irritants that should be removed:

• Heavy-duty cleaning agents

• Perfume and spray derivatives

• Construction dust

• Cigarette smoke

• Volatile chemicals

These substances can cause oral irritation and respiratory distress.

6. Stress and Anxiety Management

Increased salivation due to stress is quite common. To reduce it:

• Keeping daily routines regular

• A quiet and safe resting area

• Reducing alone time

• Mental stimulation with intelligence games and scent exercises

• If necessary, sedative support products (with physician recommendation)

Decreasing stress levels provides a significant improvement in drooling.

7. Regulation of Chewing Habits

During excessive chewing, the salivary glands naturally become active. Chewing toys should be chosen as follows:

• Soft and safe materials

• Products that do not break bones or pieces

• Large, low-swallowing-risk toys

• Extremely hard bone, horn or stone types should not be used.

In this way, risks such as foreign objects, broken teeth and gum irritation are reduced.

Common Mistakes and Things to Avoid in Dogs with Drooling

Some well-intentioned interventions by owners when drooling is observed can worsen the dog's condition. Identifying common mistakes is crucial, especially in emergency situations. Improper practices can both delay diagnosis and increase the severity of the condition.

1. Trying Self-Treatment at Home in Case of Suspected Poisoning

Inducing vomiting using methods found on the internet or consuming various substances is very dangerous. Inducing vomiting, especially with acid, alkaline products or sharp foreign objects, further aggravates the situation.

2. Trying to Check the Inside of the Mouth with Hard Objects

Many foreign objects can be lodged deeper, and oral injuries can occur during a home check. Dogs may also bite in panic.

3. Giving Painkillers

Painkillers used for humans can cause serious toxicity in dogs. Ibuprofen, paracetamol and naproxen are dangerous for dogs.

4. Continue Feeding During Heavy Drooling

Giving food in case of nausea, stomach irritation or foreign body:

• Triggers vomiting

• May cause foreign body to advance

• Increases the risk of gastric torsion

In these cases, the cause must first be determined.

5. Practices That Increase Stress

Yelling at the dog, forcing it, or keeping it in unsettling environments further increases salivation. The effect is especially noticeable in dogs with anxiety.

6. Ignoring Irritation Around the Mouth

In dogs with prolonged drooling, moisture dermatitis may develop under the chin and around the lips. This increases the risk of itching and infection.

7. Wiping the Mouth with Chemical Cleaners at Home

Wipes containing detergents and perfumes can cause additional irritation to oral tissues.

8. Stopping Treatment Early When Symptoms Relieve

In abscesses, gastritis or toxic effects, the disappearance of symptoms does not always mean recovery. Medicines must be used for the full duration.

9. Persistent Use of Dangerous Chewing Products

Hard antlers, unprocessed bones, stone-like chewing materials:

• Broken tooth

• Intraoral cuts

• It can lead to serious consequences such as throat or esophageal obstruction.

Avoiding these mistakes will both reduce the damage caused by drooling and help speed up the healing process.

Positive Characteristics of Drooling in Dogs

(Table: Feature | Description)

The table below shows that drooling is not a completely negative process in canine physiology; it is a natural mechanism that can be advantageous in some cases.

Table: Positive Characteristics of Drooling in Dogs

Feature	Explanation
Natural digestive preparation	Saliva lubricates food in the mouth and forms the first stage of the digestive process.
Oral cleaning	Saliva reduces the bacterial load in the mouth and contributes to the natural cleaning of tooth surfaces.
Thermoregulation	Increased salivation, especially in hot weather, helps lower body temperature through evaporation.
Stress relief mechanism	Increased salivation during moments of anxiety is a physiological stress response and one of the body's mechanisms for releasing tension.
Dilution of allergens	Irritants and allergens that enter the mouth are diluted by saliva, which reduces the severity of irritation.
Natural reaction to foreign objects	Increased salivation is the body's defensive response to an irritating stimulus in the mouth and makes it easier to detect a foreign object.
The first barrier against pathogens	Saliva contains enzymes that have antiviral and antibacterial properties, reducing the risk of infection.
Tissue protection during chewing	Saliva prevents micro-traumas in the mouth during chewing movements by lubricating the tissues.

The positive characteristics suggest that drooling should not be viewed merely as a “symptom of disease” but is, in some circumstances, a physiological and even protective mechanism.

Negative Characteristics of Drooling in Dogs

(Table: Feature | Description)

Drooling, especially when it's pathological, poses significant risks to dogs. The table below details the negative aspects of drooling.

Table: Negative Characteristics of Drooling in Dogs

Feature	Explanation
Perioral dermatitis	Constant moisture can cause bacterial and fungal growth in the under-chin hair, causing irritation and infection.
Risk of dehydration	Prolonged excessive saliva loss can disrupt fluid balance and lead to dehydration.
bad breath	In periodontal diseases and oral infections, saliva becomes foul-smelling and can cause progressive tooth loss.
Difficulty swallowing	Mouth sores, foreign objects, or neurological diseases make swallowing saliva difficult and cause drooling.
Increased risk of heat stroke	Excessive drooling often occurs in conjunction with high body temperature and heat stroke, which requires immediate attention.
May be a sign of poisoning	One of the most common causes of sudden and intense drooling is toxin ingestion; this condition is life-threatening.
Associated with digestive system diseases	It may be an early sign of serious diseases such as gastritis, gastric torsion, and pancreatitis.
Indicator of neurological disorder	Epileptic seizures, nerve palsies or brain traumas may cause drooling to be of neurological origin.
Behavioral signs of stress	Chronic stress and anxiety reduce a dog's quality of life and can lead to persistent drooling.
Associated with oral tumors	In malignant tumors, the salivary discharge is often bloody and foul-smelling; early diagnosis is important.
Hygiene problems in the home environment	Constant drooling causes rapid soiling of bedding, sofas and floors, increasing the need for maintenance.

These negative features reveal that drooling should not be taken lightly, and that it can be a sign of serious illnesses, especially in cases with sudden onset and accompanying symptoms.

Skin, Fur, Eye and Ear Care for Drooling in Dogs

(Table: Region | Recommendation)

Drooling directly affects skin health due to the moisture concentration, especially under the chin, around the lip folds, and on the face. Therefore, targeted and regular care can both prevent skin infections and accelerate healing.

Table: Recommendations for Local Care in Dogs with Drooling

Area	Suggestion
Under the chin and lip edges	The area should be wiped with warm water several times a day and dried thoroughly. Long hair should be trimmed to prevent moisture from being retained on the skin.
Hair structure (face and neck area)	Frequent grooming is essential; if the hairs are stuck together, they should be gently separated. Natural antiseptic shampoos can be used regularly in areas where saliva accumulates heavily.
skin surface	To prevent the risk of moisture dermatitis (hot spot), the area should be kept clean, dry, and well-ventilated. If redness or a foul odor occurs, medical attention may be necessary.
Eye area	If drooling contacts the eyes, the area around the eyes should be cleaned daily. If eye discharge/watering accompanies this, the possibility of an allergy or infection should be evaluated.
Ears	Because drool can spread to the ear, the area around the ear should be kept clean. Moisture increases the risk of otitis media, especially in breeds with floppy ears.
Around the nose and mouth	Harsh wipes should not be used to reduce irritation. Products containing chemicals, in particular, can irritate the oral mucosa.
Beard hair (in Terrier and Schnauzer type breeds)	It's the area most prone to drool accumulation. A daily combing and washing routine is essential. Long hair should be trimmed regularly.
Skin folds (Bulldog, Mastiff, Shar Pei, etc.)	Moisture accumulation between the folds can easily lead to infection. Each fold should be cleaned and dried separately.
Sublaryngeal region	Drooling is common in this area. Antiseptic lotions can be applied periodically as recommended by a physician.
Shaving care	To prevent saliva from clinging to long hairs, local shaving or thinning can be done.

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions About Drooling in Dogs

Why does drooling in dogs suddenly start?

When drooling in dogs begins suddenly, the underlying trigger is usually very strong. This can be caused by foreign objects lodged in the mouth, sudden onset of nausea, triggering of the gag reflex, the onset of heatstroke, contact with a toxic substance, or oral injuries. Sudden onset of drooling is often a sign of an "acute event," and the dog is expected to exhibit other symptoms shortly. Therefore, prompt evaluation is crucial.

Is drooling in dogs always a sign of illness?

This isn't always the case. Some dogs, especially breeds like Mastiffs, Boxers, Saint Bernards, and Bloodhounds, may exhibit a structural discharge due to their anatomical lip structure. Additionally, increased salivation can occur during purely physiological conditions such as excitement, stress, the smell of food, or challenging jaw movements during play. However, this discharge typically resolves on its own. Prolonged or foul-smelling discharge is a sign of illness.

How to tell the difference between drooling and poisoning in dogs?

In dogs suffering from poisoning, drooling usually begins suddenly, is very profuse, and often foamy. This can also be accompanied by tremors, restlessness, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, or abnormal behavior. Most dogs exposed to toxic substances begin to show significant changes within minutes. In such cases, do not wait at home; instead, seek medical attention immediately.

Why does drooling in dogs increase at night?

Dogs become less active at night, and as distractions decrease, symptoms of oral irritation, reflux, gastritis, or toothache become more prominent. Furthermore, digestive movements slow down at night, and salivation can increase, as nausea can worsen. Increased salivation at night is particularly suggestive of digestive problems.

What does it mean if drooling and bad breath occur together in dogs?

Bad breath is often an indicator of an oral infection, periodontal disease, tartar, abscesses, broken teeth, stomatitis, or ulcers. In these cases, the saliva is often sticky and foul-smelling. The combination of bad breath and drooling is one of the strongest clinical signs of dental disease.

What is the relationship between drooling and gastric torsion in dogs?

In dogs experiencing gastric torsion, profuse drooling is one of the earliest symptoms. The dog may make unsuccessful attempts to vomit, appear distended, and show significant restlessness. This is a very urgent situation and requires immediate attention.

Why does drooling in dogs increase in hot weather?

Hot environments disrupt thermoregulation in dogs, causing their salivary glands to become more active. However, at the onset of heatstroke, the increase in salivation is more dramatic and is accompanied by symptoms such as rapid breathing, fatigue, and reddened gums. This condition is dangerous.

What is the connection between drooling and stress in dogs?

In situations of stress, fear, anxiety, and excitement, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, increasing salivary gland secretion. Increased salivation is a common stress response during situations such as clinical examinations, car rides, fireworks, noisy environments, or separation from an owner.

Should water be given to a dog with drooling?

Yes, water should always be available. However, if drooling is accompanied by nausea or vomiting, the dog may be tempted to drink excessively. Water should be offered slowly and with control. If the dog refuses to drink, this could be a sign of gastrointestinal or systemic illness.

What should be done if drooling and vomiting occur together in dogs?

In this case, serious causes such as gastritis, reflux, poisoning, gastric torsion, pancreatitis, or intestinal obstruction should be considered. The combination of vomiting and drooling is a strong warning sign, especially in cases of poisoning. Clinical evaluation should be performed before intervention at home.

Does drooling in dogs increase during teething?

Yes. During teething, gum sensitivity and itching in puppies increase. This activates the salivary glands. It's usually more noticeable between 4 and 6 months of age and is considered physiological.

What kind of feeding arrangements are helpful at home for drooling in dogs?

Fat-free, light, and stomach-friendly foods should be offered. Dividing meals throughout the day instead of a single meal, avoiding extremely hot or cold foods, and providing fresh water and probiotic supplements can reduce nausea and alleviate drooling.

What plants can cause drooling in dogs?

Dieffenbachia, aloe vera, lilies, geraniums, and similar plants can cause irritation and burning sensations in the mouth. When a dog chews these plants, they may experience sudden, profuse salivation. Plant poisonings should be evaluated promptly.

What medications can cause drooling in dogs?

Some antidepressants, muscle relaxants, painkillers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ADHD medications, and some antibiotics can increase salivation in dogs. Therefore, if a new medication is started, it's important to check for drooling as a side effect.

Could drooling in dogs be related to eye and ear infections?

Yes. Conditions such as middle ear infections, eye ulcers, or irritation can affect the facial nerve. Because these nerves are connected to the salivary glands, increased drooling may occur.

How long does it take for drooling in dogs to resolve?

For simple irritations, the condition may return to normal within hours. For gastritis, reflux, or mild infections, it may take a few days. For dental abscesses, it usually takes 3–7 days. For serious conditions like poisoning or gastric torsion, recovery time depends on the underlying cause.

Can drooling in dogs become chronic?

Yes. Drooling can last for months or even years due to anatomical lip structure, chronic gastritis, reflux, stress disorders, neurological diseases, or dental conditions. In these cases, regular care and long-term treatment are necessary.

Could drooling in dogs be an early sign of heatstroke?

It's certainly possible. Dogs experiencing heat stroke will pant rapidly, have a protruding tongue, salivate excessively, and appear lethargic. In this case, cooling should be performed quickly and the dog should be taken to a clinic.

Which breeds are more prone to drooling in dogs?

Breeds with wide lips and jaws, such as Bulldogs, Boxers, Mastiffs, Saint Bernards, and Bloodhounds, physiologically produce more saliva. This is an anatomical feature, not a sign of disease.

Could drooling in dogs be a sign of a foreign body?

Yes. Bone fragments, sticks, thorns, or pieces of plastic stuck in the mouth can cause sudden and intense drooling. The dog may exhibit pawing behavior and gagging.

In what cases should dogs go to the emergency clinic for drooling?

The following situations are urgent:

• Foamy and thick saliva

• Vomiting or unsuccessful attempts to vomit

• Neurological symptoms (tremors, seizures, imbalance)

• Bleeding or ulcers in the mouth

• Suspicion of poisoning

• Difficulty breathing

• Sudden onset of weakness or collapse

How should drooling in dogs be monitored at home?

Daily salivation, color, odor, appetite, water consumption, bowel frequency, and behavioral changes should be noted. Clinical evaluation should be performed if signs of deterioration are noted.

Is drooling in dogs completely normal in hot weather?

It's not always normal. A slight increase in salivation can be physiological in hot weather, but if there's excessive salivation, restlessness, and reddened gums, there's a risk of heat stroke. In this case, prompt intervention is necessary.

Does drooling in dogs become a behavioral habit?

In some dogs, stress, separation anxiety, or prolonged excitement triggers salivation, which can become a persistent behavior over time. In these cases, stress management and environmental adjustments are necessary.

Is it possible to completely prevent drooling in dogs?

It's impossible to prevent it completely, as saliva production is a physiological process. However, drooling can be controlled with a proper diet, regular dental care, stress management, reducing foreign body exposure, and avoiding toxic substances.

Sources

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Zoonotic Diseases

• World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) – Animal Health Standards

• European Medicines Agency (EMA) – Veterinary Medicines

• Mersin Vetlife Veterinary Clinic – https://share.google/XPP6L1V6c1EnGP3Oc