Heart Diseases in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Scientific Treatment Options

What are Heart Diseases in Dogs? Heart Structure and Basic Functions

Heart disease in dogs refers to a broad group of conditions resulting from structural, electrical, or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's blood-pumping function. The heart is a four-chambered organ that delivers oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and is critical to life. Even a minor malfunction in the heart can affect the entire body and manifest clinically with symptoms such as weakness , coughing, shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, palpitations, fainting, or sudden collapse.

The dog's heart consists of the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The right side pumps impure blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps purified blood throughout the body. Four important heart valves are activated during this pumping process: the mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves. When these valves malfunction, blood backflows or a murmur occurs because the valve doesn't close properly.

The electrical system also determines the heart's rhythm. The sinus node (SA node) initiates the rhythm, and the AV node regulates conduction. When this system is disrupted, an arrhythmia (rhythmia) occurs. Arrhythmias can cause serious symptoms in dogs, such as sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, and an irregular pulse.

The heart's functions include transporting oxygen and nutrients to organs, eliminating toxins, maintaining body temperature, and regulating blood pressure. Therefore, a heart defect can have a cascading effect on the entire body.

The fact that heart disease in dogs often has no symptoms in the early stages indicates that these conditions progress insidiously. Diagnosis is often made when symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or sudden collapse appear. Therefore, early diagnosis and regular veterinary checkups are crucial for heart health.

The Most Common Causes of Heart Disease in Dogs (Genetics, Age, Breed, and Environmental Factors)

There's no single cause of heart disease in dogs. Genetic factors, aging, breed predispositions, nutritional deficiencies, infections, and environmental stressors can directly impact heart function. The wide and multifaceted nature of the causes makes early diagnosis of these diseases difficult.

1. Genetic and Racial Predispositions

Some dog breeds are genetically more prone to heart disease. For example:

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel → Mitral valve disease

• Doberman Pinscher → Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

• Boxer → Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

• Large breeds → Heart enlargement

• Small breeds → Valve diseasesRacial predisposition is the strongest factor determining at what age and how quickly the disease will appear.

2. Aging

As age progresses, the heart muscle weakens, the valves lose their flexibility, and a murmur begins to occur. The most common heart disease in older dogs is mitral valve degeneration.

3. Infections and Parasites

Infections and parasites that directly affect the heart:

• Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis)

• Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections

• Tick -borne diseases These diseases can damage the heart wall, valves or vascular structure.

4. Nutrition and Non-Transportable Minerals

Taurine deficiency can lead to cardiomyopathy in some large breeds. Foods containing unbalanced minerals can disrupt the electrical activity of the heart muscle.

5. Obesity and Low Activity

Excess weight increases the heart's workload, raises blood pressure, and increases the risk of heart failure. Combined with a sedentary lifestyle, heart function can weaken rapidly.

6. Congenital Heart Defects

Some dogs are born with heart defects (VSDs), vascular anomalies, or valve disorders. These diseases cause weakness and exercise intolerance at an early age.

Regardless of the cause, heart disease becomes more difficult to treat as it progresses. Therefore, early diagnosis is lifesaving.

Symptoms of Heart Disease in Dogs: Cough, Shortness of Breath, Weakness, and Other Clinical Signs

Heart disease often progresses insidiously, and symptoms may not be noticed until the disease reaches an advanced stage. However, there are some early signs that, when taken into account, can lead to a much quicker diagnosis.

1. Cough

Cough occurs as a result of the enlarged heart putting pressure on the trachea or fluid accumulation in the lungs. A dry cough, which increases especially at night, is one of the most important heart symptoms.

2. Shortness of Breath and Rapid Breathing

In heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This makes it difficult for the dog to breathe. Symptoms:

• Increased respirations per minute

• Significant movement in the chest muscles

• Difficulty in lying positionShortness of breath is in the emergency category.

3. Weakness and Fatigue

When the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood, the energy going to the muscles decreases. The dog gets tired early on a walk, does not want to play and sleeps more.

4. Fainting (Syncope)

In arrhythmias, one-time or recurring fainting spells may occur. This indicates that the dog is experiencing short-term brain oxygen loss.

5. Abdominal Swelling (Ascites)

If the right side of the heart is affected, fluid accumulates in the abdomen. The abdomen expands, making walking difficult.

6. Palpitations and Irregular Pulse

Arrhythmia occurs when the heart's electrical system is disrupted. In this case, the pulse may be irregular, rapid or slow.

7. Cold Paws and Weak Pulse

When blood circulation decreases, the extremities become cold.

8. Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss

In chronic heart disease, energy consumption increases and the dog begins to lose weight.

These symptoms often occur together and should not be ignored.

Sudden Onset Heart Problems: Collapse, Pulse Disturbances, and Situations Requiring Emergency Intervention

The most dangerous form of heart disease in dogs is the sudden onset and rapid progression. In these cases, wasting time can be life-threatening.

1. Sudden Collapse

The dog may suddenly fall to the ground while walking or running. This usually happens:

• Severe arrhythmia

• Heart block

• It is related to a sudden decrease in cardiac output. These symptoms require urgent intervention.

2. Pulse Disorders

The pulse may be irregular, skipping, or very rapid. Arrhythmias are especially common in breeds such as Dobermans and Boxers. An urgent ECG is required.

3. Pulmonary Edema

When the left side of the heart fails, fluid accumulates in the lungs. Symptoms:

• Rapid breathing

• Foamy saliva

• Advanced cough: Such cases can become severe within minutes.

4. Cardiac Tamponade

Fluid accumulation in the pericardium compresses the heart and stops its pumping function. It presents with sudden weakness, slow pulse, and cold feet.

5. Acute Heart Failure

Dogs with chronic heart disease may experience sudden deterioration following stress, exercise, or infection. Immediate oxygen support and medication are required.

These conditions indicate that the heart is at a critical threshold and require immediate veterinary intervention .

Veterinary Examination and Diagnostic Methods for Heart Diseases (ECG, X-ray, Ultrasound, Blood Tests)

Accurate diagnosis of heart disease in dogs requires not only a physical examination but also a multifaceted diagnostic method. Heart disease often progresses insidiously and may not present symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, the diagnostic process must be systematic and comprehensive.

1. Physical Examination and Evaluation with a Stethoscope

The veterinarian listens to the heart sounds and detects abnormal sounds such as murmurs, arrhythmias, or clicking. Respiratory rate, pulse quality, mucous membrane color, and abdominal structure are examined. Pale gums, a weak pulse, and rapid breathing are indicators of urgent heart failure.

2. ECG (Electrocardiography)

It is the most critical diagnostic tool that shows the electrical activity of the heart. With ECG:

• Arrhythmias

• Blocks

• Tachycardia

• Bradycardia

• Sudden rhythm losses are detected. Regular ECG monitoring is recommended, especially for Dobermans, Boxers, Golden Retrievers and large breeds.

3. X-ray

Heart size, lung vessels, pulmonary edema, and the condition of intrathoracic structures are evaluated on X-ray. Findings such as left ventricular enlargement, valve disease, and pulmonary edema can be clearly seen on X-ray.

4. Ultrasound (Echocardiography)

It is the gold standard diagnostic method for heart diseases. With echocardiography:

• Cover functions

• Blood flow velocities

• Heart wall thickness

• Chamber growths

• Heart muscle contraction strength is measured. It provides the most reliable evaluation in mitral valve diseases and dilated cardiomyopathy.

5. Blood Tests

Biochemistry and hemogram are performed to evaluate the systemic effects of heart disease.

• Kidney functions

• Liver enzymes

• Electrolyte balance

• Thyroid test

• BNP (cardiac stress hormone) These tests are important for understanding how the heart affects other organs.

During the diagnostic process, the combination of these tests reveals the dog's heart health in detail and reliably.

Clinical Course of Heart Failure, Murmurs, and Valve Diseases in Dogs

Heart failure and valve disease are among the most common heart problems in dogs. The clinical course of the disease varies depending on breed, age, type of disease, and response to treatment. As the disease progresses, the heart's pumping capacity decreases, and fluid accumulation occurs in the lungs and abdomen.

1. Mitral Valve Disease (Most Common Form)

It is especially seen in small breeds. When the mitral valve does not close completely, blood leaks backwards and a heart murmur occurs. As the stages progress:

• Cough

• Exercise intolerance

• rapid breathing

• Heart failure may occur.

2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

In this disease, which is common in large breeds, the heart muscle weakens and expands. As the heart's pumping power decreases, the risk of weakness, collapse and sudden death increases.

3. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (Boxer Cardiomyopathy)

This form, which is common in the Boxer breed, causes serious rhythm disturbances. The dog may experience sudden collapses.

4. Tricuspid Valve Diseases

As a result of right-sided insufficiency, fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites) may occur. Abdominal swelling, loss of appetite and weakness are noted.

5. General Features of the Clinical Course

Heart diseases can experience sudden worsening episodes. Heavy exercise, heat, infection, or stress can trigger the disease. With proper medication, the clinical course can be kept stable for a long time.

Scientific Treatment Options: Medications, Supportive Therapies, and Lifelong Management

Heart disease may not be completely curable, but when managed properly, dogs can live long and healthy lives. Treatment is often lifelong and requires a multifaceted approach.

1. Drug Treatments

The main drugs used in heart diseases are:

• ACE inhibitors (Enalapril, Benazepril): Regulate blood pressure, reduce heart load.

• Pimobendan : Increases heart muscle strength. It is the gold standard for DCM and mitral valve disease.

• Diuretics (Furosemide): Reduces pulmonary edema and abdominal fluid.

• Beta blockers : Regulate the rhythm and control heart rate.

• Anti-arrhythmic drugs : Stabilize the rhythm.

2. Supportive Treatments

• Taurine and L-carnitine : May reduce the risk of cardiomyopathy in large breed dogs.

• Omega-3 fatty acids : Reduce inflammation and support heart health.

• Electrolyte balance : Critical to heart rhythm.

3. Oxygen and Emergency Response Protocols

Oxygen therapy is applied in cases of pulmonary edema or severe shortness of breath. In emergency cases, heart function is supported with intravenous medications.

4. Lifetime Management

As heart disease progresses, medication doses are adjusted and follow-up x-rays and echocardiograms are performed at regular intervals. The exercise plan is lightened, and heart patients are protected from extreme heat and cold.

Nutrition, Fluid Balance, and Exercise Planning for Dogs with Heart Disease

In dogs with heart disease, diet and daily routine significantly impact the course of the disease. Proper nutrition, exercise, and fluid management are all integral parts of treatment.

1. Nutrition

• Low-sodium formulas are recommended. Sodium causes water retention, increasing the burden on heart patients.

• Quality animal protein is important for maintaining muscle mass.

• Omega-3 fatty acids provide a protective effect on the heart muscle.

• Dark green leafy vegetables are rich in antioxidants.

2. Fluid Management

Fluid balance is delicate in heart patients. Excessive water consumption or inadequate water intake can increase cardiac load. Daily fluid intake should be monitored according to the veterinarian's recommendations.

3. Exercise Planning

Exercise is not prohibited for heart patients, but it should be controlled.

• Short, gentle walks

• Avoid sudden running and jumping

• Not walking around during hot hours

• Pulse and respiratory monitoring: Intense exercise, especially in dogs with DCM, increases the risk of sudden deterioration.

4. Weight Control

Obesity puts extra strain on the heart. Weight control is a big part of treatment in dogs with heart disease.

Home Organization, Stress Management and Daily Care Tips

The quality of life of a dog with heart disease depends not only on medication but also on proper home care and daily care. Reducing environmental factors that strain the heart, minimizing stress, and managing the dog's energy intake can significantly extend lifespan.

1. Quiet and Stress-Free Living Space

In heart patients, stress increases the heart load by increasing pulse and blood pressure. Therefore, the environment in which the dog is located:

• Silent

• Peaceful

• Away from sudden noises

• It should be a section where there is not much child traffic. Reducing stress factors can prevent heart attacks and shortness of breath attacks.

2. Comfortable Resting Points

Heart patients often tire easily after short bursts of energy. Soft beds, a warm room, non-slip floors, and easily accessible rest areas should be provided.

3. Stairs and Jumping Restrictions

Jumping, climbing stairs or moving quickly puts unnecessary strain on the heart. Dogs with heart disease:

• Using a ramp to get into bed

• Restricting access to stairs

• It is recommended to avoid excessive movement in games.

4. Indoor Temperature Control

Extremely hot or cold weather dramatically affects heart rate. For heart patients, a room temperature of 20–24°C is the ideal range.

5. Stress-Reducing Daily Routine

Consistency in the daily routine (meal time, walk time, medication time) reduces the dog's stress. Changes in routine can trigger attacks of shortness of breath in heart patients.

Risk Breeds and Genetic Predisposition to Heart Disease in Dogs

Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to heart disease. Owners of these breeds should schedule regular health checks and carefully monitor for early signs.

1. Races Prone to Mitral Valve Disease

It is especially common in small breeds:

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

• Chihuahua

• Pomeranian

• Maltese

• In Poodle breeds, the murmur usually begins to be heard from middle age onwards.

2. Breeds Prone to Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

It is seen in large and giant breeds:

• Doberman Pinscher

• Great Dane

• Boxer

• Newfoundland

• Irish Wolfhound: In this disease, the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened. Early ECG and echocardiography are essential.

3. Races Prone to Arrhythmogenic Heart Disease

It is particularly common in the Boxer breed. Arrhythmias, sudden collapse and fainting are the most obvious symptoms.

4. Breeds Prone to Congenital Heart Diseases

Some breeds may be born with congenital heart defects or valve abnormalities:

• Golden Retriever

• Labrador

• Bulldog

• Samoyed

5. Small Breeds vs. Large Breeds

• Small breeds → Valve diseases

• Large breeds → Heart muscle diseasesDue to genetic predisposition, which disease may occur and when can be determined from the breed profile.

When to See a Vet for Heart Disease? Red Flag Symptoms

Some symptoms of heart disease are considered "emergencies," and waiting can cause the disease to worsen rapidly. Even one of the following symptoms requires immediate veterinary intervention.

1. Rapid and Difficult Breathing

Significant movement of the rib cage with each breath, blue lips, or open-mouth breathing are signs of urgent pulmonary edema.

2. Sudden Collapse

If a dog suddenly collapses while walking, it is an indication of a heart rhythm disorder or a decrease in heart rate.

3. Prolonged Cough and Night Cough

A dry cough, especially worse at night, is a typical finding of tracheal compression due to enlarged heart.

4. Persistent Weakness and Exercise Intolerance

Getting tired easily during normal walking, not being able to climb stairs, and reluctant behavior are signs of heart failure.

5. Swollen Abdomen (Ascites)

Abdominal fluid accumulation is an important indicator of right-sided heart failure.

6. Irregular Pulse and Palpitations

Irregular or skipped rhythm during manual pulse control is an indication of serious arrhythmia.

7. Cyanosis

Blue lips, tongue or gums are a sign of oxygen deficiency and are an emergency.

These symptoms indicate that the heart is at a critical threshold and even seconds matter.

Vaccines, Parasite Program, and Regular Checkups to Maintain Heart Health

While some heart diseases are genetic, most are preventable with proper care, regular checkups, and preventative measures. The most important steps to maintain heart health are listed below.

1. Regular Veterinary Checkups

ECG and echocardiography are recommended at least once a year, or every 6 months for at-risk breeds. These tests help evaluate heart function before disease occurs.

2. Heartworm Protection

Heartworm , transmitted by mosquitoes, can be fatal if left untreated. In all dogs:

• Monthly protection

• Annual heartworm testing is mandatory.

3. Vaccines

It does not directly prevent heart disease, but it reduces complications that can strain the heart after infection.

4. Parasite Program

Fleas, ticks and intestinal parasites affect blood circulation and oxygen transport, putting strain on the heart. Monthly internal and external parasite treatments reduce the heart load.

5. Weight Management and Exercise

Obesity increases the workload of the heart. Regular walking and portion control are very effective in heart health.

6. Proper Nutrition

Taurine-rich foods, omega-3 supplements, and low-sodium diets support heart function.

Heart health can be largely managed and lifespan extended with preventive care.

Cost Analysis: Diagnosis and Treatment Fees for Heart Diseases (EU – US)

The cost of diagnosing and treating heart disease in dogs varies depending on the severity of the disease, the required imaging methods, the types of medications, and the clinic's infrastructure. Because heart disease often requires multiple diagnostic and follow-up tests, the total cost can be higher than for simpler conditions. The following figures represent average clinic pricing ranges .

1. Inspection Fee

• EU: 40 – 70 EUR

• US: 45 – 90 USD Includes heart listening, pulse control, respiratory evaluation and general density examination.

2. ECG (Electrocardiography)

• EU: 50 – 120 EUR

• US: 60 – 140 USD Required for the detection of arrhythmia, heart block, and rhythm disturbances. It is especially mandatory for Dobermans, Boxers, and large breeds.

3. X-ray (Chest X-ray)

• EU: 60 – 140 EUR

• US: 70 – 160 USD Used to see heart enlargement, pulmonary edema and vascular structures.

4. Echocardiography (Heart Scanning with Ultrasound)

• EU: 120 – 250 EUR

• US: 140 – 300 USD It is the gold standard diagnostic method as it shows the heart valve functions, chamber sizes, muscle wall thickness and blood flow rate.

5. Blood Tests (Biochemistry + Hemogram)

• EU: 70 – 150 EUR

• US: 80 – 170 USD Reveals organ functions, electrolyte balance, anemia and infection parameters.

6. BNP / NT-proBNP Cardiac Stress Test

• EU: 60 – 110 EUR

• US: 70 – 130 USD It is important in the early detection of heart failure.

7. Medications (Diuretic, ACE inhibitor, Pimobendan, etc.)

• EU: 25 – 120 EUR / month

• US: 30 – 150 USD / month. Lifelong medication may be required, especially in mitral valve disease and DCM.

8. Emergency Response and Oxygen Therapy

• EU: 60 – 200 EUR

• US: 70 – 230 USD It is applied in cases of pulmonary edema, collapse or sudden rhythm disturbances.

9. Clinical Admission (If Necessary)

• EU: 100 – 250 EUR / day

• US: 120 – 300 USD / day

Total Estimated Range

• EU: 425 – 1,300 EUR

• US: 495 – 1,600 USD

In severe heart diseases (DCM, complete heart failure, edema), this interval may increase. Early diagnosis both reduces costs and prolongs life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why do heart diseases in dogs progress insidiously?

A dog's heart can compensate for impaired functions to a certain extent. In the early stages, the body activates compensation mechanisms to maintain stable blood pressure and oxygen distribution. Therefore, the disease may not cause symptoms for a long time. However, when these mechanisms are exhausted, symptoms suddenly worsen, and heart failure can rapidly occur.

Does coughing in dogs always indicate heart disease?

No, not every cough is a sign of heart disease, but a chronic, dry cough, especially worse at night, is a typical heart symptom caused by an enlarged heart and compression of the trachea. An X-ray and physical examination are essential to distinguish it from respiratory infections.

My dog tires easily on walks. Could this be a sign of a heart condition?

Yes. Exercise intolerance indicates that the heart is unable to deliver sufficient oxygenated blood to the muscles. This symptom is an early sign of heart disease, especially in middle-aged and older dogs. Sudden fatigue, the urge to stop, and weakness should be taken seriously.

Does every dog with a heart murmur have heart disease?

A murmur indicates that the heart valves are not closing properly or that blood flow is impaired. While not every murmur indicates serious illness, it is a key sign of progressive diseases such as mitral valve degeneration in older dogs. Every dog with a murmur should be evaluated with an echocardiogram.

Why does coughing worsen at night in dogs with heart disease?

Sleeping position at night can increase fluid accumulation in the lungs. In heart failure, pressure in the pulmonary vessels increases, causing fluid to leak into the lung tissue. Therefore, a nighttime cough is one of the most prominent symptoms of heart disease.

How does heartworm disease lead to heart disease?

Heartworms physically block the heart and lung vessels, reducing the heart's pumping power. In advanced stages, right-sided heart failure, arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension can develop. This is why the importance of monthly preventive medications is so critical.

Can heart failure in dogs be completely treated?

A complete cure is often impossible, but drug therapy can provide stability for many years. Quality of life and survival are significantly improved in dogs diagnosed early. Pimobendan and ACE inhibitors are key medications in the management of heart failure.

Is fainting (syncope) in dogs always heart-related?

In most cases, yes. Heart rhythm disturbances, low blood pressure, or heart block can cause fainting. However, neurological conditions can also cause similar symptoms. An ECG and physical examination are essential to identify the cause of fainting.

In which races is DCM disease (Dilate Cardiomyopathy) more common?

It is common in large breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Boxers, Newfoundlands, and Irish Wolfhounds. Early ECG screening for this disease is lifesaving because DCM can progress without symptoms for extended periods.

Do short-nosed breeds (Pug, Bulldog) have a higher risk of heart disease?

Respiratory problems are more common in short-nosed breeds. As respiratory workload increases, the heart's oxygen demand also increases. These breeds are at increased risk because heart and respiratory diseases can coexist.

Can a dog have a heart attack?

Classic heart attacks due to vascular occlusion, as in humans, are rare in dogs. However, "sudden cardiac events" can occur, characterized by acute arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, or pulmonary edema. These conditions can be immediate and fatal.

Should water consumption be controlled in dogs with heart disease?

Yes. Excessive fluid intake can increase pulmonary edema in some dogs. Your veterinarian will determine the daily water intake limit and monitoring method based on the patient's condition.

Is exercise completely prohibited for dogs with heart disease?

No. Controlled, gentle walks support heart function. However, strenuous exercise, running in hot weather, and climbing long stairs are not recommended.

Are heart diseases in dogs genetic or do they develop later in life?

Both conditions are possible. Some diseases, such as mitral valve disease, are associated with aging, while Boxer cardiomyopathy and DCM result from genetic predisposition.

How long does a dog with heart disease live?

The disease varies depending on the type and stage, breed, age, treatment plan, and owner care. In dogs with proper treatment, an additional 2–5 years of lifespan is possible. In some cases diagnosed early, this period may be longer.

My dog's breathing is rapid, could this be heart related?

Yes. When the heart's pumping power decreases, fluid accumulates in the lungs and breathing accelerates. A breath rate above 40 per minute should be taken seriously, especially while sleeping.

Is it more dangerous in young dogs with a heart murmur?

A murmur heard in young dogs may be a sign of a congenital defect, vascular anomalies, or valvular abnormalities. Therefore, murmurs in young dogs should be evaluated with echocardiography.

Do heart diseases prevent weight gain?

Yes. In dogs with heart disease, metabolism accelerates, energy is consumed more quickly, and appetite may decrease. Therefore, weight loss and muscle atrophy are common.

Do heart diseases cause loss of appetite?

Yes. Pulmonary edema, fatigue, nausea, and circulatory disorders can reduce appetite. The combination of anorexia and fatigue should be taken seriously.

Which food should be preferred for dogs with heart disease?

Low-sodium, high-quality animal protein, and omega-3 supplements are preferred. Canned or wet foods are better tolerated by some patients.

What can be done to detect heart disease early?

The dog's breathing rate, exercise tolerance, nighttime cough, pulse rate, and behavioral changes should be monitored regularly. Annual ECGs and echocardiograms provide early diagnosis in at-risk breeds.

My dog coughs frequently at night. Could this be a sign of a heart condition?

Yes. Nighttime coughing is particularly common in people with an enlarged heart or mitral valve disease. Lying down creates pressure on the fluid in the lungs, triggering a cough.

Does stress worsen heart disease in dogs?

Absolutely. Stress increases heart rate, blood pressure, and the risk of arrhythmia. Maintaining a calm environment is an important part of treatment.

What causes fluid retention in dogs with heart failure?

When the heart can't pump effectively, intravascular pressure rises. Fluid leaks out of the blood vessels and accumulates in the lungs (edema) or abdomen (ascites). This causes shortness of breath and abdominal distension.

How is heart disease in dogs definitively diagnosed?

A definitive diagnosis is made through a combination of echocardiography (ultrasound), ECG, X-ray, and blood tests. No single test is sufficient for a definitive diagnosis.

Can my heart-stricken dog live a normal life?

With the right medication, regular checkups, proper nutrition, and low stress, many dogs with heart disease can remain stable for a long time and live a quality life.

Sources

(Format that complies with the rules - English source, Vetlife link in the last line)

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

• World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)

• Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

• American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) – Cardiology Guidelines

• Mersin Vetlife Veterinary Clinic – Open on Map: https://share.google/XPP6L1V6c1EnGP3Oc